A ten-year study of population dynamics of citrus pests in the pesticide-reduced orchard |
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Authors: | Takao Itioka Tamiji Inoue and Norio Ishida |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-01 Kyoto, Japan;(2) Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shimosakamoto 4-1-23, 520-01 Otsu, Japan;(3) Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606 Kyoto, Japan |
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Abstract: | Summary To determine the effectiveness of a pest management system that uses pesticides at a low level, we censused populations of
seven insect pests and three plant diseases from 1980 to 1989 in a citrus orchard which was managed with a pesticide-reduced
and pesticide-free protocols, in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. In the orchard, we controlled the pests solely by spraying petroleum
oil once a year from 1980 to 1985, by not spraying insecticide in 1986, and spraying only germicide in 1987. The arrowhead
scale population remained much lower level at which citrus trees begin to wither when petroleum oil was sprayed, whereas it
rapidly increased and began to wither trees during the years without spraying petroleum oil. The Indian wax scale population
rapidly increased only during a 2-year period and then declined. Although the infection level of the sooty mold was unusually
high on the trees where the density of the scale was high, this pathogen did little damage to citrus trees. The population
of the red wax scale gradually increased throughout the census period but did not reach the level at which citrus trees begin
to be damaged. Other pests also caused negligible damages to citrus trees. The results indicated that the pesticide-reduced
pest management system which was proposed by Inoue and Ohgushi (1976, 1977) is valid for the prevention of the outbreak of
the arrowhead scale, and that is has the sufficient control efficiency for the other pests in citrus orchards.
Contribution to the ecological studies of scale insect 3. |
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Keywords: | Unaspis yanonensis scale insects integrated pest management Citrus unshiu population dynamics |
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