拯弊与集权:唐五代覆试及其与宋初殿试的关系

唐五代覆试与当时的科场风波密切相关 ,其或因朝臣党争而起 ,或因知贡举者失和于权贵而行 ,长庆以后的子弟问题在历次覆试案中也扮演了重要角色。覆试内容与省试相同 ,进士试诗赋杂文 ,明经帖经、墨义。初试及第者覆试中普遍有所刷落 ,主文试后也会受到外放惩处。唐五代之覆试与中书门下的考覆分别在形制、权力两方面影响了宋代殿试的产生。宋太祖、太宗之世 ,作为唐五代科举考试拯弊补救措施的覆试 ,不仅本身扩大范围而制度化 ,其中又且衍生出宋代集权表征之一的科考最高形式——殿试。“覆试”、“考覆”及今日之“复试”三概念不同。

On Abolishing what is Harmful and Centralization of Statepower:the Relation between Fushi of Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Palace Examination of Song Dynasty

Fushi(re examination of palace examination participant in controversy) is closely related to palace examination incidents,resulting from either the minister party struggle or the conflict between the emperor and the chief examiner.The petticoat influence play an important role in Fushi after the era of Changqing.The content of fushi is usually the same to the provincial examination,but the general result is to eliminate some examiners in controversy,while the chief examiner will be punished.The Fushi and Kaofu(re judgement of papers in controversy),under charge of Zhongshumen(the minister in charge of palace paper drafting),have important influence on the powership and system of Song Dynasty Palace Examination.The concept of Fushi and Kaofu is different from that of present re examination.