自然科学与人文社会科学方法论中的"理解与解释"

理解与解释的关系是人类科学活动的基本关系,它包括本体论、认识论和方法论三个层次.理解与解释的方法论关系表现了人类从事自然科学、人文科学和社会科学活动的不同特征,理解与解释的认识论表征着人类科学活动的内在矛盾,而作为人的基本存在方式的理解与解释的本体论关系,则构成了自然科学与人文、社会科学活动的共同根基."理解与解释"的本体论、认识论和方法论的一致和辩证统一,是自然科学与人文、社会科学方法论的重要思想或原则.

Understanding and Explanation in the Methodology of Science

The relationship between understanding and explanation is the fundamental relation in scientific activities. From understanding or explanation to understanding and explanation is a great development in the contemporary methodological concepts about natural sciences, human sciences and social sciences. Although W. Dilthey and C. Hempel had opposite views about methodological relationship, they were at the same epistemological level in the development of methodology of natural sciences, human sciences and social sciences. They took " understanding and explanation" ( or interpretation) to be cognitive abilities and methodology and held similar epistemological standpoint. In the stage of "understanding and explanation , our purpose is to understand the dialectic unity of discontinuity and continuity of the methodology of natural sciences, human sciences and social sciences by ontological understanding about understanding" , and not to make them opposite or to establish a uniform " scientific" methodology of science. The methodological relationship between understanding and explanation, which is a complementary relationship by taking understanding and explanation to be two different but related approaches of cognition, represents the characteristics of a variety of human scientific activities. The epistemological relationship between understanding and explanation is the one that evolved in the dialectic movement of the subjective and the objective by taking understanding and explanation to be two cognitive abilities of the subject. It describes the internal contradictions of human scientific activities. The ontological relationship between "understanding and interpretation" exists as a basic mode of Dasein's being, which grasps the being of all entities. It is the base of human activities in natural sciences, human sciences and social sciences. The dialectical unity of ontology, epistemology and methodology about understanding and explanation is one of the important methodological concepts about the methodology of natural sciences, human sciences and social sciences.