“国进民退”论:数据内外之辨析

中国经济发展的特殊性在于,政府与公众都可能会关注不同所有制资本发展的差异。中国当前是否存在大面积的"国进民退"?从数据反映的事实和政府偏好等方面看,中国当前并不存在大面积的"国进民退"现象,即使在个别行业、个别地区存在"国进民退"现象,也可以认为是国企在近十多年来与民企、外企的同台竞争中,其内在运行效率、效益被一定程度地激活所致,是国企在市场竞争中的一次主动出击。公众之所以有"国进民退"的认知,主要是由于在现实经济活动中,民间资本在行业进入机会、金融与财税等方面感受到了不平等待遇,地方政府的歧视也是不可忽略的因素。政府应逐渐减少对国有资本的保护,放松对民间投资的门槛限制,消除国有正规金融对非国有资本投资企业的歧视,保持政策的持续性和稳定性,防止政策"逼退"民间资本。无论政府、学者还是公众,都要树立真正市场经济下的价值标准,对"国企"、"民企"、"外企"不应带有感情和主观的偏向。

A Critique of " The State-owned Enterprise Advances While the Privately-owned Enterprise is Lagged Behind"

In china,both the government and the public pay attention to the difference in performance of enterprises belonging to diversified ownership systems.Is it commonplace in china that "the state-owned enterprise advances while the privately-owned enterprise is lagged behind" Statistics show that this phenomenon is regional or confined to specific sectors,which can be attributed to improved efficiency and enhanced initiatives of state-owned enterprises.The impression was formed due to government prejudice for privately owned enterprises and unfair treatment in aspects such as industrial entry,finance and taxation.The government shall decrease the protection for state-owned enterprises,avoid prejudice for private investment and ensure the sustainability of policies.State-owned and privately-owned enterprises shall be treated equally.