刑事被害人国家补偿制度之理论探微

作为刑事被害人国家补偿制度的传统理论依据,“国家责任论”具有合理成分但有失偏颇;“社会福利论”符合现实要求但有失公平;“命运论”符合客观规律但有悖情理。在均衡保障人权理念日益彰显的当今时代,有必要将其导入刑事被害人国家补偿制度理论体系,使刑事被害人之人权保障不再成为“被遗忘的角落”。

A Theoretical Inquiry into the System of State Compensation to Crime Victims

The paper starts with a critical review of the traditional theories that constitute the theoretical foundation of the system of state compensation to crime victims.Among other things,the "Theory of State's Responsibility" contains both reasonable ingredients and biases;the "Theory of Social Welfare" is realistic but unfair;the "Theory of Fate" is objective yet unreasonable.The paper then concludes that it is necessary to integrate the prevailing "Theory of Equilibrium of Protection of Human Rights" so as to formulate a new and constructive theory,and to shed light on the "lost corner" in this area of study.