Nature conservation and the management of the wider countryside in Eastern England |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidade da Coruña, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;2. Servicio de Vida Silvestre, Generalitat Valenciana, Ciutat Administrativa 9 d''Octubre, Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018, Valencia, Spain;3. Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Majorca, Spain;1. University of Tasmania, School of Natural Sciences, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;2. Zoos Victoria, Werribee Open Range Zoo, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia;1. University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia;2. Centre for Invasion Biology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;3. Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre, Biosecurity Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia;4. Ecosystem Management, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia;5. Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia;6. Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Upper Campus, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa;7. Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange, New South Wales 2800, Australia;8. Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia;9. Conservation Biology Lab, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia;10. Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6034, South Africa;11. Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia;12. School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa;13. Wildlife and Reserve Management Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;14. Centre for Invasion Biology, Eugène Marais Chair of Wildlife Management, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;1. Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia 2308;2. Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria X001, South Africa;3. Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC SC29634, USA;4. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun-248001, India;5. Conservation Biology Research Group and School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia 2308.;6. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PO Box 5685 Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway;7. Research on the Ecology of Carnivores and their Prey (RECaP) Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. 48824, USA;8. Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Pretoria, South Africa;9. Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland;10. University of Freiburg, Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;11. University of South Wales, 9 Graig Fach, Pontypridd CF37 4BB, UK;12. Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa;13. Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA), Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú N3370BFA, Misiones, Argentina;14. School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;15. CLAWS Conservancy, 32 Pine Tree Drive, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;p. Centre for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society, 1300 Zoo Road N.E., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2E 7V6;q. Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau 94481, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The total value of nature conservation depends not just on designated sites but also on the areas of less intensively-used land which may protect the designated sites or have their own conservation value. Given the steady erosion in the extent and quality of designated sites, the wider countryside has become an increasingly important element within conservation policy over the last decade. Such land can form a lattice of micro-habitats linking and enhancing the value of designated sites. This paper draws on a review of the conservation resource in seven counties of eastern England and a survey of landholders in a 2000 km2 study area in Norfolk and Suffolk to examine the factors affecting the management of the conservation resource in the wider countryside. It considers, in particular, the extent and management of less-intensive arable, pasture, woodland and wetland areas, and the relationships between such management and the nature and size of farm business operations with which such areas are located. From this, the paper seeks to explore the potential for conservation policy development to promote the enhancement of nature conservation values in the countryside. |
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