The rise and fall of agricultural policy cycles: from planned economy to green liberalism1 |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Ji''nan, 250353 PR China;2. School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK;1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China;2. Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China;1. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;2. Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;1. Wageningen University, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Open University, Faculty of Management, Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2960, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands;3. Wageningen University, Biometris, P.O. Box 100, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands;4. Wageningen University, Alterra, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;5. National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture IRSTEA Lyon, UR MALY, River Hydro-Ecology Unit ONEMA IRSTEA, 5 rue de la Doua, 69626 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France;6. VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. College of Mathematics and System Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;2. Department of Mathematics, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China;1. Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA;2. Notable Labs, Foster City, CA |
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| Abstract: | The article presents a country case study (Norway) of changing agricultural policy in the triangular field of forces formed by state regulation, the markets and the social welfare of the farming population. The article starts with an outline of a three-dimensional model of agricultural policies in developed capitalist countries. The policy is torn between three poles: state regulation, the liberalist market economy, and welfare support for the farmers. Each historical epoch has its own compromise between these three dimensions, called a policy cycle. When the cycle of agricultural policy changes, we may expect a change in the farmers' survival strategies. The findings, however, show that there is more persistence than change, independent of policy cycle, and farmers adapt themselves to policy changes even before the actual changes are made, in anticipation of the future. As a consequence, farmers in Norway lowered their investments and used less fertilizer and pesticides even before the present policy of ‘green liberalism’ was implemented. |
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