宗教对于人类的意义——简论康德与黑格尔的宗教哲学

康德与黑格尔的宗教观出自启蒙运动的思想背景,虽然他们对启蒙的宗教批判持有不同的态度。基于相同的理性主义的立场,他们提出了目标一致的建立道德性宗教的主张,但在对宗教的性质的解释上却有所不同。康德将宗教看作是出自道德的需要,“上帝”是为了实现至善而设定的“公设”;黑格尔则把宗教看作与哲学一样都是纯粹的“思”,其目标是把握真理,“上帝”即是一种真理。他们的宗教哲学的一个共同缺陷,是忽视了宗教最本真的意义在于它作为精神的安身立命之所。

Significance of Religion to Human Being --Briefly on the Religious Philosophy of Kant and Hegel

The religious idea of Kant and Hegel originates from the ideological background of the Enlightenment, though they hold different attitudes toward the religious criticism of the Enlightenment. Based on the same standpoint of rationalism, they both advocate the identical proposition of establishing the moral religion, yet they differ from each other over the interpretation of the nature of religion. Kant regards the religion as from the need of morality, and the “God” is the “general hypothesis” to realize the uppermost good; Hegel regards the religion to be a kind of pure “thinking” the same as philosophy, whose aim is to grasp the truth, and “God” is just one kind of it. The common defect of their religious philosophy is neglecting the most essential significance of religion as the spiritual settlement.