职业隔离的经济效应——对我国城市就业人口职业性别歧视的分析

劳动力市场中的性别歧视是较普遍的现象,其中职业隔离是性别歧视的主要形式之一.为了分析我国城市就业人口中的职业性别隔离问题,我们使用差异指数法对当前职业隔离的程度进行了测量,并且通过CES生产函数和C-D生产函数对假定消除职业隔离后,各种职业的劳动力性别构成比例、工资水平及经济总产出变化情况做出估计,以期对打破职业隔离提供一些理论依据和政策建议.

The Economic Effects of Occupational Segregation--An Analysis on Occupational Discrimination against Chinese Urban Female Labor

Gender discrimination in the labor market is a widespread phenomenon,and occupational segregation is one of the main kinds of discrimination.In order to analyze the economic effects on occupational segregation of gender in the Chinese urban employment population,we measured the level of occupational segregation by dissimilarity index and estimated the change of the gender proportion of labor in various occupation,the wages and national incomes by CES and C-D production function.The purpose is to offer some suggestions to government policies for eliminating occupational segregation in light of the conclusion of econometric analysis.First,according to the Fifth National Census data,we made use of the dissimilarity index method to calculate the occupation(medium type) of Chinese urban employment population,we concluded that if the occupational distribution of the male stays remains unchanged,and the distributive proportion of the both male and female population in each occupation continues to be the same,then 64.7% of the female would need to shift occupation in order to equalize the proportions of the male.Therefore,we can say that there exists serious occupational segregation in the current Chinese urban employment population.Next,using CES and C-D production function model and assuming the value of constant elasticity of substitution to be 6,if occupational segregation is eliminated,female wages would increase by more than 20%.The male would suffer certain income loss,but the drop would be trivial,less than 8%.On the other hand,the number of employed female would decrease dramatically because of the wages increase.Despite some shortcomings,national incomes would increase by(2.48%),with more efficient allocation of male and female employment population.The gains in national incomes would still be sufficient to prevent any substantial decline in male earnings while at the same time allow females a greater choice in their occupation and a higher earnings potential.Given the fact that at present our country still has no special laws aiming at eliminating labor market discrimination,it is very difficult to prevent gender discrimination under the current labor law.Occupational segregation will exist over a long time and we must pay significant attention to the situation.