认知语境视角下社交语用失误成因分析

跨文化交际的本质是人与人之间的交际,对社交语用失误的解读必须考虑交际参与者的主观能动性和认知能力.在跨文化交际中,若认知心理状态不同的交际者对彼此制约交际的社交文化规约的心理可及程度较低,加上交际的瞬时性和省力原则的作用,说话人对听话人的认知语境假设选择的判断可能与听话人的真实认知语境假设选择不符,使得听话人推理出的说话人交际意图和说话人真实的交际意图不一致,从而导致社交语用失误.

The Cause of Social-pragmatic Failure from the Perspective of Cognitive Context

Intercultural communication is, in essence, interpersonal communication, so the interpretation of social-pragmatic failure must take into consideration the subjective initiatives and cognitive abilities of the communicators. If the accessibility of the cultural and social rules regulating oral communication is very low to the communicators, due to the instantaneousness of oral communication and the influence of the Economy Principle, the speaker＇s judgment of the listener＇s contextual assumptions might be different from the real cognitive state of the listener, resulting in the inconformity between the speaker＇s intention inferred by the listener and the speaker＇s real intention, and hence social-pragmatic failure occurs.