村落社会研究与民族志方法

本文回顾和反思了社会学和人类学对村落研究的经验,检讨了其中的理论得失和方法论上遭遇的挑战。文章认为,已有的村落社会研究成果主要体现于村落社会的民族志以及在此基础上抽象出来的“问题意识”和理论对话。笔者认为,民族志研究要秉承三个原则,即民族志的“问题意识”、民族志的时空构架以及民族志的“人本问题”。在全球化的影响下,未来对村落社会的研究应该在“超越乡土社会”的基础上,走向更高层次的“文化自觉”和文化对话。

The Studies of the Village Community and Ethnographic Method

As a reflection on the lessons in sociologicaland anthropological studies of Chinese villages, this paper reviews success and failureof the theoryas well as the challengeof the methodologyin the studies. The paper points out that the major achievement in past studies comesfrom the village ethnographies, and the "cognizantof question"and theoreticaldialogue basing on them. The author argues that the studies on the ethnographies need to follow three principles, that is, the "cognizantof question,"space and time system, and "humanisminvolving"of the ethnography. In the context of the globalization,the studies on rural community must advance toward higher level of "cultural consciousness"and cultural dialogue on the basis of "going beyond the rural community."