白洋淀近七十年来“干淀”问题探析

“干淀”是白洋淀水资源不足、水环境变化的重要表征。白洋淀浅碟状的地形决定了其蓄水能力弱、蒸发量大和下渗量大，伴随着气候转干，降雨量减少，加之域内工农业用水量增大、上游水利工程截水量大和地下水超采严重，地表径流量进一步减少，多种因素导致白洋淀在经历了20世纪五六十年代丰水期后，七八十年代入淀水量锐减，“干淀”频现，不得已采取“引水济淀”和“综合治理”,力求解除“干淀”威胁。

An Analysis of the Problem of “Dry Lake” in Baiyangdian in the Past 70 Years

“Dry Lake” is an important representation of the shortage of water resources and the change of water environment in Baiyangdian.The shallow dish-shaped topography of Baiyangdian determines its weak water storage capacity,large evaporation capacity and large infiltration capacity.As the climate dries,the rainfall decreases,and the water consumption of industry and agriculture in the region increases,the water interception of upstream water conservancy projects is large,and the groundwater overdraft is serious,resulting in a further decrease in surface runoff.A variety of factors have led to a sharp decline in the water inflow of Baiyangdian in the 1970s and 1980s after the wet season in the 1950s and 1960s,and the “Dry Lake” occurs frequently.It is imperative to take “water diversion to the lake” and “comprehensive treatment” to strive to remove the threat of “Dry Lake”.