关怀型伦理氛围对公务员建言行为的跨层次影响机制

在全面深化改革的时代背景下，公共管理变得日益复杂，公务员的执政能力需要不断提升，以保证决策的科学化。而公务员能否积极听取他人建议，从谏如流，是政府行政水平提升的关键。目前关于建议与建议采纳的研究大都集中在私营组织，而公共部门的相关研究大多是站在公务员建言者的角度进行探讨，鲜有从纳谏（建议采纳）的角度进行分析。通过对建议采纳角度的现有文献梳理发现，决策者的建议采纳主要受三方面的因素影响：建议者的专业程度；建议的内容和时机；决策者的自我效能感、情绪状态和权力。文章结合公共部门的管理特点，将现有研究结论运用到公务员的建言与建议采纳中，阐述了公共部门的建议者如何在组织中更好地建言献策，提高建议被接受的可能性。同时，为决策者如何积极寻求建议、提高决策质量提供了参考建议。

Use of experts in complex decision making:A paradigm for the study of staff work

In the context of deepening reform comprehensively, public management has become increasingly complex. The governing ability of civil servants needs to be constantly improved to ensure making scientific decision. Whether civil servants can take advice readily and listen to others' suggestions actively are the key to improve the administrative level of the government. The current research on voice and advice mostly focus on private sector, and rarely on the perspective of advice taking, especially in the public sector. After review of advice-taking literature, we find that decision-maker's advice taking is mainly influenced by three factors: the professional level of advisor; the types and timing of advice; the self-efficacy, emotional state and power of the decision-makers. Combining with the management characteristics of public sector, this paper applies the existing research conclusions to the advice-giving and advice-taking of civil servants, and expounds the public sector advisors how to make better suggestions in the organization, and improve the acceptance of advice; decision-makers how to seek advice actively and improve the quality of decision-making.