浅论狄更斯的《我们共同的朋友》

狄更斯在最后完成的作品《我们共同的朋友》中展示了一幅19世纪中叶英国中产阶级的全景图。从等级森严的农业社会向工业社会转型的维多利亚时期，阶级的流动性凸显，中产阶级文化相应体现了巨大的多元性和复杂性。根据雷蒙·威廉斯对主导文化、残留文化和新兴文化的界定，主导的绅士文化与贵族文化的残留、新兴资产阶级文化之间存在着不断互动、兼并、此消彼长的运动。通过小说人物的阶级身份展示的文化风貌，可以观察狄更斯对这些文化现象的回应，体悟他对中产阶级文化的反思。

Middle-class Cultures in Dickens's Our Mutual Friend

Dickens in his last finished novel Our Mutual Friend provides a vivid picture of the middle classes in the mid-19th century. Dickens witnessed a time of transition when changes of the English society had been altering the static hierarchy of the past century. That society was not only a diversified and conflicted one but also one that progressed by yoking together these contradictions. Raymond Williams's culture theories are especially useful in examining this situation, where residual, emergent and dominant cultures interplay with each other. It helps to sort out a more clarified picture of middle-class cultures and in turn to observe Dickens's response to this cultural phenomenon.