文化的冲突与较量--北京妙峰山碧霞元君信仰与天津民众之关系

妙峰山是北京民众宗教信仰的中心。晚清时,天津民众大规模地到妙峰山进香,并把新创造的神灵"王三奶奶"送上山。京津两地民众以文化象征的方式在妙峰山上进行的较量,反映了西方帝国主义入侵后,作为新兴文明代表的天津以财富向清王朝的挑战。

Conflicts and Challenges of Cultures--Belief in Bi Xia Yuanjun of Beijing Miaofeng Mountain and Tianjin

Miaofeng Mountain is the religious belief of Beijing people. At the late Qing dynasty, many people in Tianjin worship in Miaofeng Mountain and send the newly created god "Wang the third grandmother". The local people of Beijing and Tianjin measure their strength with cultural symbols reflecting the challenge of Tianjin representative of newly raised civilization toward the Qing dynasty after the invasion of the western capitalism.