作为体制的艺术——浅析比格尔的《先锋派理论》

比格尔以马克思在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》中所揭示的两种方法为基础,从艺术体制角度对"艺术自律"这个范畴进行了批判性的考察。他认为,艺术自律乃是资产阶级社会的范畴,其普遍有效性是动态地、历史地形成的。它属于观念性艺术体制的一种表现形式。唯美主义将艺术自律推到高峰,而先锋派艺术则试图通过推翻艺术体制来重新组织新的生活实践。实际上,比格尔继承了法兰克福学派的批判传统:批判工具理性、商品拜物教、技术至上对现实生活的异化。所以,从某种程度上来说,唯美主义和先锋派所拒绝的并不是生活本身,而是资产阶级社会庸常的异化生活。悖谬的是:先锋派的艺术实践最终也被资产阶级意识形态所同化。

Art as an Institution——On Peter Bürger's Theory of the Avant-Garde

"According to two methods in Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy(Karl Marx),Bürger investigates the concept of autonomy of art in terms of the art institution.He thinks that autonomy of art is formed in bourgeois society and its universal validity is dynamic and changeable.It belongs to a kind of art institution.Aestheticism has brought about autonomy of art,while the Avant-Garde resist it.As a matter of fact,Bürger inherits the tradition of dialectical method of criticism of the Frankfurt school.They criticize instrumental rationality,commodity fetishism and technology foremost,which cause the life to be alienated.Therefore,to some extent,both aestheticism and the Avant-Garde don’t refuse the life itself,but the humdrum and dissimilatory life of bourgeois society.Paradoxically,the Avant-Garde was eventually assimilated by the ideology of bourgeois.