自由与道德、能力、市场--消极自由主义者与积极自由主义者的论战

消极自由观与积极自由观是当代西方各种自由观分歧的焦点,而这种分歧集中体现在自由与道德、自由与能力、自由与市场三个方面.这两种自由观各有得失,消极自由主义者所确立的物理主义的自由观虽然实现了客观性和道德中立性,但它不过是一种对个人价值、基本利益和需要漠不关心的"流浪汉式"的自由观;而积极自由观虽然关注权利、财富和机会的分配制度,但它是一种求助于人性论和价值观的高度规范性的解释方式,难以使自由主义成为客观的"科学".最后,文章指出了双方发生理论分歧的现实基础和社会根源.

Liberty & Morality,Capacity and Market

The disputes of all kinds of the contemporary libertarian views in the West focus on the difference between the view of the negative liberty and the view of the positive liberty, and the difference between them lies in three aspects: liberty and morality, liberty and capacity,liberty and market. The two views of liberty have both success and failure. The physical view held by the negative libertarian is objective and neutral in the moral, but it is indifferent to the individual value, the basic interests and the need, which just results in the vagrant's life ; the view of the positive liberty pays attention to the distribution of rights, wealth and opportunity, but it is the strong normative way of the interpretation that appeals to the human nature and the value's view, and then difficult to make liberalism the objective science. Finally, this paper considers the actual foundation and the social resource of the dispute between the two views of liberty.