黑格尔、马克思和葛兰西市民社会理论之比较

黑格尔第一次将市民社会从政治国家中独立出来,并且赋予市民社会以经济内容,认为政治国家决定市民社会,市民社会由于自身的局限性必然被国家所超越.马克思明确将市民社会纳入经济基础的范畴,认为市民社会是政治国家的基础,而人类解放是超越市民社会的途径.葛兰西将市民社会定位在上层建筑领域,认为政治国家必须建立在市民社会上才能维持其合法性与持久性,市民社会最终会取代政治国家.

Comparative Study of the Civil Society Theories of Hegel, Marx and Gramsci

Hegel,for the first time,studied the civil society as independent from the political state and,while conferring upon it economic connotations,believed that the civil society,determined by the political state as it should be,is transcended by the political state.Marx believed that the civil state is more of an economic nature and the basis of political state,and that the liberation of the humanity alone may lead to the transcendence of the civil society. Gramsci believed that the civil society is a notion that belongs to the realm of superstructure and that the political state will sustain itself only if it is built upon the basis of the civil society.