试论孙中山政治思想中的理性主义

孙中山政治思想中具有强烈的理性主义色彩。理性主义深深影响了孙中山的政治哲学、政治制度设计和政治人格。就政治哲学而言,由于受理性主义的影响,孙中山有强烈的社会目的论倾向,坚信政治中存在着公理,崇尚精英政治和圣贤政治,这就导致了其机械的历史进步观和社会本位主义。就政治制度设计而言,受理性主义思想支配,孙中山无视政治制度运行中所需的大量经验和复杂情况,把政治制度看作是天才者的发明设计。就政治人格而言,理性主义膨胀了孙中山的个人救世主思想,造就了其独特人格。然而,理性主义虽有理论上的一致性,在现实中却显得苍白无力。

Rationalism in Sun Yat-sen's Political Ideas

In Sun Yat-sen's political ideas,rationalism occupied an important place.It had a deep influence on his political philosophy,the design of political system and his political personality.In terms of political philosophy,influenced by rationalism,he became strongly inclined to social purpose,believing in the existence of generally acknowledged truth in politics,and advocating the elite and sage politics,having resulted in his rigid idea of history progress and his social selfish departmentalism.In terms of the design of political system,dominated by rationalism,he overlooked the ample experience and complexities in the operation of political system,regarded it as an invention and device of genius.In terms of his political personality,rationalism strengthened his savior thought and formed his dictatorial personality.Rationalism was reasonable in theory,but not feasible in practice.