洋务运动期间的劳工雇佣与管理

作为中国最早的建立机器工业的现代化运动,洋务运动期间我国企业界在现代工人的来源、工资标准的制定以及劳工管理方面有两个显著的特点：一是突出“效率”色彩,如按照产业结构的不同而雇佣不同技术素质的工人,按照劳动效率高低的不同以确定不同工资的标准。二是突出“情感”因素的作用,尽量利用传统文化中某些有利于提高当时企业劳动效率的因素,如利用同乡因素招募和管理工人等。尽管用现在的标准来看,这些探索显得幼稚,但它毕竟是近代中国人在机器工业建立方面迈出的坚实一步,直到今天仍有其积极的意义。

Labor employment and labor management in the Weslernization Movement

During the Westernization Movement,the very modernization movement in which Chinas most earliest machine industry was set up,there are two characters in the national enterprisers research of the sou rce of modern workers,wage standards as well as labor management.The first character is stressing the requirement of "efficiency",such as employing workers with different skill qualities according to different working efficiency.The second one is stressing the emotional factors effects,and trying their best to use some of the factors in the traditional culture which could contribute to the working efficiency in the companies at that time,such as employing and managing th e labor force by using the helpful factors of townees.Although,these researches, according to nowadays standards,seemed to be very infant,they were the modern Chineses steady steps in setting up machine industry,and these explorations are s till positive nowadays.