美澳两国典型跨界流域管理的经验及启示

美国和澳大利亚分别在田纳西河流域和墨累一达令河流域开发的过程中通过颁布专门的流域立法和成立专门的流域管理机构，并不断加强管理过程中的公众参与，改善了流域内的自然生态环境和社会环境，成为流域管理成功的典范，对我国的跨界流域管理工作具有重要的借鉴意义。参考美国和澳大利亚的流域管理经验，我国应加强流域管理立法，提高和明确流域管理机构的法律地位和职权，加强流域管理机构与流域政府，以及社会公众之间的协调、沟通与合作，增强流域管理中的民主性和科学性，并通过制定具体的行动方案，提高公众参与流域环境保护的认知和实践的积极性，改善我国流域环境生态恶化的局面。

Experience and Inspiration of the Typical Trans-boundary Basin Management in the United States and Australia

In the development process, Tennessee River Valley and the Murray-Darling basin by promulgating basin legislation and establishing basin management structure, and also strengthening the public participation, improved the natural ecological environment and social civilization, became a successful model of basin management, so it can be an important reference for China＇s cross--border river basin management. With the basin management experience in the United States and Australia, China should strengthen basin management legislation to improve the legal status of basin management institutions, strengthen coordination, communication and cooperation in the basin management agencies and local government, as well as enhance democratic and scientific in basin management, and through the development of specific programs of action improve the enthusiasm of the public to participate in the basin environmental protection.