“和谐世界”:中国“和”哲学与持久和平——以对道家、儒家、墨家“和”哲学的分析为中心

从对中国道家、儒家和墨家的“和”哲学的分析和研究中我们发现,儒家和道家的“和”哲学强调“和谐”的同时,也重视“和”的“和平”内涵,或者说和谐与和平是“和”的统一体中的两个方面,而墨家的“和”哲学,“和平”的内涵成为重中之重的同时也强调“和谐”,三家共同之处,就是“和谐”的最高境界是实现持久和平。如何取得和平,道家以辩证思维主张大小国家互相“谦下”但大国应该率先垂范,同时,道家重视高级政治和低政治的平衡以建立和谐,儒家重视和平机制与信守条约,而墨家除了在理念上更注意“兼相爱”和“交相利”的结合之外,同时也特别重视实力后盾特别是强大的科学技术在阻止侵略战争中的作用,并用实际行动劝阻侵略行为,在历史上留下了可歌可泣的创造和平的篇章。

“Harmonious World”:Chinese philosophy of “He” and Eternal Peace

Studies on the philosophy of “He” show that there are sameness and differences between Dao, Ru and Mo. Dao and Ru emphasize both the meanings of harmony and peace in “He” whereas Mo thinks that peace is the most important. All of the three hold that the final aim of “Harmony” is to achieve eternal peace. They have different opinions on how to realize peace .Dao advocates dialectically that the strong nations and the weak nations should be modest to each other, especially, the strong nations should set good examples. At the same time, Dao emphasizes that we should establish harmoniousness by balancing high politics and low politics. Ru pays attention to the establishment of peace mechanism and adherenece to agreements, Mo pays more attention to the role of strong scientific technology to prevent wars of aggression besides “Loving Each Other” and “Mutual Benefit” . The advocates of Mo put their belief to practice and there emerge many heroes who are worth praising for realizing peace in history.