毛泽东的知识分子观与其1957年后错误的关系

新民主主义革命时期,毛泽东从经济地位、家庭出身、为谁服务、生活条件、思想状况等五个方面界定知识分子的阶级属性,充分肯定了知识分子在革命中的重要地位和作用,认为知识分子经历了革命、反革命、不革命三条发展道路.所有这些,对于团结和动员知识分子为革命服务具有积极的意义.但是,民主革命时期他划分知识分子阶级属性的方法的消极方面,对知识分子地位作用和发展道路的认识中的不科学成分,在社会主义改造基本完成以后逐步突出地显现出来,并且在新的历史条件下不断发展.毛泽东知识分子观中的错误,促使他在1957年以后社会主义事业的各个领域都出现了错误,二者相互影响和作用,形成恶性循环,造成了严重的危害,留下了惨痛的经验和教训.

The Relationship Between Mao Zedong's Outlook on Intellectuals and his Errors After 1957

In the course of new democratic revolution, Mao Zedong defined the intellectuals' class attribute from such five major aspects as economic status, family origin, whom to serve, living conditions and ideological state. He thought highly of the intellectuals' important role in China's revolution, and argued that the intellectual underwent three different stages from revolution, counter revolution and non-participation in revolution. Mao's thoughts are of positive significance in uniting and mobilizing the intellectuals to serve China's revolution. Nevertheless, the negative effects in which Mao defined the intellectuals' class attribute in the period of revolution and the reasonable parts in which he thought of the intellectuals' role and evolutional stages gradually emerged in an evident way after 1957, and continuously went further in the new historical conditions. Mao's error in his outlook on intellectuals resulted in his successive errors in other fields of socialist cause. This interaction formed a vicious circle which Produced a great harm and left painful lessons to us.