The Three Forms of the Marxist Philosophy and Their Historical Fate

马克思哲学分析和解决的“总问题”，是资本占有劳动与无产阶级的解放。马克思哲学在探索这一问题的过程中，形成了大众形态、学术形态和政治形态三种有机统一的基本形态。然而，马克思主义哲学在马克思以后的发展史中，却呈现出不同的演变和命运。马克思哲学的三种基本形态在当代中国的命运可概括为：大众形态得以倡导，但尚未完全实现；学术形态强劲，但疏离政治和大众的倾向较为明显；政治形态突出，但需进一步得到学理支持和大众认同。当代中国马克思主义哲学研究的健康发展，不仅需要廓清马克思哲学的完整结构，而且要营造马克思主义哲学研究的可持续发展的“生态环境”，以推动其大众形态、学术形态与政治形态的良性互动。

关键词: 马克思哲学?大众形态?学术形态?政治形态

The “general problem” that Marx's philosophy analyzes and aims to solve is capital's ownership of labor‐power and the emancipation of the proletariat. In the course of exploring this problem, Marx's philosophy developed three basic, organically integrated forms: the popular, the scholarly and the political. However, the post‐Marx history of Marxist philosophy has seen these three forms evolve differently and meet with different fates. The situation in contemporary China can be summarized as follows. The popular form is proposed but not fully realized; the scholarly form is robust but estranged from politics and the public; and the political form is prominent but needs further academic support and popular recognition. For the healthy development of Marxist philosophical research in contemporary China, we must not only clarify the integral structure of Marx's philosophy but also create an “ecological environment” favorable to its sustainable development with a view to facilitating the benign interaction of the three basic forms.