人权法的失衡与平衡

人权保障的法治实践,特别是中国改革开放以来人权保障事业发展的经验表明,在公共治理背景下生成和行动的人权法应当是平衡法,它对应于和谐的人权保障关系,在机制上表现为人权保障目标与制度安排的匹配性,在内容上反映为理性设定公民权利及其实现方式,在形式上表现为人权法规范体系的协调一致,在行动上体现为人权保障过程的协商共识,在结果上表现为人权保障绩效的最大化。由于不同人权之间往往存在着张力,人权保障具有跨部门法性,国际人权法依赖于国内法转化或衔接等原因,因此人权法比较容易出现失衡,制约着国家尊重和保障人权目标的全面实现。要解决人权法失衡问题,必须适应公共治理的崛起,选择开放性的公私商谈模式、遵循理性的衡量标准对人权入法进行审慎权衡。

Balance and Loss of Balance in Human Rights Law

Legal practice with regard to the protection of human rights,and especially China's post-reform experience in this regard,shows that a human rights law that comes into being and operates against a background of public governance should be a balanced law that corresponds to harmonious relations in human rights protection.In terms of mechanism,such law is expressed in the matching of goals with institutional arrangements;in terms of content,it reflects rationally determined civil rights and the means of achie...