语图互仿的顺势与逆势——文学与图像关系新论

语言艺术和图像艺术的相互模仿,在中外文艺史上形成一道亮丽的风景。就其互仿效果而言,却存在非对称性态势:图像模仿语言是二者互仿的顺势,语言模仿图像则表现为逆势。莱辛在其《拉奥孔》中就已意识到这一问题。将其纳入文学遭遇图像时代的语境中重新探讨,就会有新的发现:二者互仿的非对称性的根本原因,在于它们有不同的符号属性;语言是实指符号,图像是虚指符号;实指的所以是强势的,虚指的所以是弱势的。因此,当二者共享同一个文本,就有可能导致语言对图像的解构和驱逐,或者延宕和遗忘。由是观之,在所谓文学图像化的境况中,语言作为强势符号的性质决定了它不会有损自身,图像仅仅充任了工具和载体,图以载文,使文学藉此得以自我放逐。

Asymmetry in the Mutual Imitation of Language and Image:A New Look at the Literature-Image Relationship

The mutual imitation of the linguistic and pictorial arts is a traditional topic in the history of art both in China and elsewhere.However,an asymmetry resides within this imitation:it is natural for images to imitate language,but for language to imitate images reverses this order.Lessing was aware of this issue in the writing of Laocoon.We will obtain new findings if we reexamine this problem in the context of the era when literature encounters images. The fundamental reason for this asymmetry lies in the ...