产业集聚、产业共聚与中国制造业生产率

不同类型的产业集聚对经济发展的影响不同。首先系统地梳理现有产业集聚类型,辨析其促进经济发展的微观机制。基于2007年制造业企业数据,采用EG指数测算了多种类型集聚的特征,进而考察其对产业生产效率的影响。结果表明,某一产业的集聚更多是由下属产业间共聚组成,但下属产业自身的集聚才是促进效率提高的关键。在控制企业规模的情况下,区县层面产业集聚弱于省区层面,但是集聚效应在区县和地市层次发挥作用。同一产业下属各产业间的共聚不利于效率的提高,产业共聚可能更倾向于跨行业间多样化的共聚,而不是同一个产业内相邻产业的共聚。通过对产业集聚的细致考察有益于把握区域经济真实状况,把握关键提高效率的集聚,构建合理的产业集聚政策。

Industrial Agglomeration and Coagglomeration and the TFP Productivity of Chinese Manufacturing Industries

Different types of industrial agglomeration play different roles in stimulating economic development.This paper first systematically reviews the related literature on the types of industrial agglomeration and then analyzes its micro-mechanism on boosting economy development.Based on the data from the manufacturing industries in 2007,this paper gets features of many types of agglomeration by EG index,and then examines how these features influence the industry’s productivity.Result shows that the agglomeration of a particular industry is mostly due to the coagglomeration of subindustries,while the agglomeration of subindustries is the key of promoting productivity.If the scale of enterprises is controlled,industrial agglomeration at the county level is weaker than at the provincial level,though it does play a role.The coagglomeration of subindustries is not conducive to improve productivity,so the coagglomeration is in favor of cross industries.The paper with an in-depth examination of industry agglomeration is of great significance in understanding the agglomeration mechanism and implementing corresponding policies.