从达尔文到怀特海的本体论逻辑进程

达尔文基于自然选择的进化论在科学和哲学领域引起了深刻的变化。进化论思想作为否定目的论和有神论的根据,从而发展物质一元论的本体论。但这种物质一元论面对着无法为进化论提供本体论支撑的困难。创造进化论和突创进化论则试图通过突出生命和心灵的地位,从而解决进化论的困难,为自然选择提供可以进行选择的实体。但创造进化论和突创进化论利用的却是二元论的本体论,这样也面对着矛盾。最终,怀特海的有机体哲学将物质和心灵统一为机体,从而在本体论层面上为进化论提供了有效支撑。

Logical Process from Darwin to Whitehead on Ontology

Darwin’s theory of evolution which was based on natural selection caused profound changes in science and philosophy.Darwin’s theory of evolution was considered as a negative basis for the teleology and the theism,which developed material ontology.However,this material monism failed to provide a support for Darwin’s theory of evolution in ontology.Creative evolution and emergent evolution tried to solve the problems of the theory of evolution and provided the entity which could make choice for natural selection,based on giving prominence to life or spirit.But creative evolution and emergent evolution also faced contradictions as they were dualistic ontology.Finally,Whitehead’s organic philosophy provided effective support for the theory of evolution on the ontological level,based on considering matter and spirit as one organism.