风水景观的人文透视——以书院寺观为中心

儒释道与风水之间崇尚自然的理念和共同的地理环境需求使儒释道三家的精神文化载体书院寺观在建筑选址和布局上打下了深深的风水烙印。其典型表现便是书院寺观座落的山川形胜之处,通常是风水上良好的“藏风”、“聚气”之地。由于儒释道三家的教义和思想不同,书院寺观在风水选址和布局上也呈现出各自的特点,书院更强调对案山的选择,佛寺更偏重于发脉(即龙脉)的选择,而道观却偏重于建筑布局和方位的选择。

On Fengshui Landscapes of Academy of Classical Learning, Buddhist Temple and Taoist Temple: A Humane Perspective

Due to the concept of nature worship shared by Confucianism,Buddhism,Taoism and fengshui,and the common demand of geographical environment,fengshui exercises a deep influence upon the site selection and layout of academy of classical learning,Buddhist temple and Taoist temple that embody their respective cultures.One distinctive evidence is that such buildings are usually located in places full of spirits of mountains and water.Because of different doctrines and thoughts that Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism have,their respective buildings reflect peculiar features,namely,academy of classic learning focuses on the selection of mountain in peculiar shapes,Buddhist temple on mountain range,and Taoist temple on the layout and position selection.