美国贸易救济法之非市场经济规则的理论起源

美国贸易救济法中的非市场经济规则是中国出口企业在应诉美国贸易救济调查时面临的最大障碍之一。中国在美国贸易救济调查中的非市场经济地位不仅使我国出口企业面临着替代国、一国一税或替代基准等歧视性规则的适用,而且导致我国出口产品在国际贸易中的比较优势被抹杀。美国学者在不同时期提出的接合理论、经济优势理论以及国家利益理论分别从制度、经济以及国际关系的角度解释并论证了美国与中国等非市场经济国家开展贸易关系并将中国融入以自由贸易(建立在比较优势基础上)为基本特征的世界贸易体制的理论依据,并构成美国对中国适用歧视性贸易规则的理论基础。对非市场经济规则理论起源的研究不仅能够帮助我们理解非市场经济规则的实质,而且可以为我国政府和企业正确对待中国在美国贸易救济法中的非市场经济地位并寻求应对策略打开新的思路。

The Theoretical Sources of NME Rules under the U.S. Trade Remedy Law

The Non-Market Economy Rules (NME Rules) of the U.S. Trade Remedy Laws is the main difficulties and concerns of Chinese Enterprises when responding to the U.S. trade remedy investigations. China's Non-Market Economy status under the U.S Trade Remedy Laws will result in not only the discriminative application of surrogate approach, countrywide antidumping duty and the alternative benchmark etc. to the Chinese exporters, but also the whole denying of the comparative advantages of Chinese export products. The interface theory, theory of economic advantages and the theory of State interest raised by the American scholars constitute the theoretical bases of U.S. NME rules. They also interpret the Sino-US trade relationship and the reason why integrating China to the World Trading Systems from a unique perspective. The study on these theories can explore the substances of the U.S. NME rules and help Chinese government and enterprises to find new countermeasures when responding to the U.S. trade remedy investigations.