北京市香山公园和鹫峰森林公园游憩承载力对比研究

为实现“宜居城市”的战略目标，北京市山区森林需要在保护生态环境的同时满足市民的森林游憩需求。选择香山公园和鹫峰国家森林公园进行了游憩承载力的对比研究。在2008、2009年问卷调查和实地踏查的基础上，定量计算与定性分析相结合，对两个景区的空间、生态、设施和社会承载力以及整体承载水平进行了综合评价。结果表明：香山的合理空间容量为13000人次／日和4745000人次／年。在空间和设施方面香山为适载或超载（高峰期），生态和社会承载水平为超载，整体承载水平已接近饱和。鹫峰的合理空间容量为12350人次／日和4507750人次／年，鹫峰森林公园除设施为适载状态外，其他3个方面均为弱载。建议打造大西山风景游憩区，加大鹫峰等森林公园的建设力度和宣传力度，引导市民前往这些相对弱载但很有特点的游憩地休闲游憩，以缓解香山等游憩地的压力。

A Comparison of Recreation Carrying Capacity between Fragrant Hills Park and Jiufeng Forest Park

To achieve the strategic goal of livable city, mountain forests in Beijing should not only protect the environment but also meet citizens demand of forest recreation. Fragrant Hills Park and Jiufeng Forest Park are selected to conduct a comparison research on recreational carrying capacity. Based on the questionnaire and on the spot investigation in 2008 and 2009, the authors evaluate spatial carrying capacity, ecological carrying capacity, facility carrying capacity, social carrying capacity and overall recreational carrying capacity of the two scenic spots combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis. Research results show that reasonable spatial carrying capacity of Fragrant Hills Park is 13 000 tourists per day, 4 745 000 tourists per year, Jiufeng Forest Park is 12 350 tourists per day, 4 507 750 tourists per year. On the aspects of space, facility, ecology and society, the actual amount of tourist have been beyond the reasonable capacity on peak days. The total recreational carrying capacity of Fragrant Hills Park is close to saturation. From aspects of space, ecology and society of Jiufeng Forest Park, the actual amount of tourists are lower than reasonable carrying capacity, while for facility is reasonable. The authors suggest that the whole Xishan scenic spot should be built, citizens should be guided to the recreational forest with characteristics which is not up to saturation to relieve the pressure of Fragrant Hills Park.