西方移民融合理论的发展轨迹与新动态

西方移民融合理论旨在对移民融入迁入地社会的过程进行类型化和因果解释。帕克和戈登的经典融合理论开创了移民融合研究的历史篇章,而线性融合理论、曲线融合理论、区隔融合理论、多元文化理论以及生态分析等则是对经典融合理论的批判性发展。这些移民理论经历了从融合结果的"必然性"向"相对性"、从融合轨迹的"直线性"向"曲线性"、从融合模式的"完全性"向"选择性"、从融合方向的"唯一性"向"多元性"的转变。新近的移民融合理论则聚焦于融合结果的异质性及其因果解释。未来移民融合理论将会是建立在融合异质性研究基础上的理论重新整合、阐释和发展。

Research into Developmental Thread and Latest Trend of Western Migrants' Integration Theories

Western Migrants '' Integration Theories mainlyfocus on the categorization and causal explanation on theintegration process of migrants. The Canonical Accountproposed by Robert E. Park and Milton M. Gordon usheresin a new age in this field. Other theories, such as Straight-line Assimilation Theory, Bumpy-Line Theory of Ethnicity,Segmented Assimilation Theory and Multiculturalism, arethe critical developments based on the canonical accounts.These theories undergo the following change: the change ofintegration result from inevitability to relativity, the changeof integration thread from direct one to indirect one, thechange of integration mode from completeness to selection,the change of integration direction from sole one to multipleone. More and more studies tend to emphasize the diversedirections, bumpy-line process and relative outcomes ofmigrants'' integration process. Furthermore, the latest trendmainly concentrates on the difference on integration processamong migrants, which is expected to have impact on thetheory reintegration in the future.