论清末的官运局

官运局作为清末盐政运销体系中的重要机构,学界对之缺乏深入研究。官运局是省一级的盐政机构,其机构设置以全省盐务总局为中心扩散至地方,采取官运商销模式管理盐政。其设立酝酿于山东,光绪三年正式成立于四川,在四川总督丁宝桢的管理整顿之下颇有成效。光绪三十四年起东北吉林、黑龙江两省办理盐务官运。吉林采取官运商销之法,黑龙江则商销与官销并行。其他省区也有官运设局办理之法。官运局对清末盐政改革的积极作用,主要体现在确保百姓食盐供应、增加赋税收入和疏通河运等方面,但也存在诸如捐局林立、官商勾结中饱私囊等弊端。

The Official Transportation Bureau of Late Qing Dynasty

Scholars seldom conduct the research on the Official Transportation Bureau,the important institution in salt administrative and distribution system in late Qing Dynasty.The Official Transportation Bureau was a provincial salt administrative institution with the Provincial Salt Affairs Bureau as the center,and its branches spreaded to local places.The Official Transportation Bureau adopted a government-operates and merchant-selling model to manage salt Affairs.The Official Transportation Bureau was first formally established in Sichuan province in 1877,and in 1908 Jilin and Heilongjiang located in northeast of China set up the Official Transportation Bureau.In Heilongjiang province,the governments and merchants worked together in salt marketing.Some other provinces also set the bureau to manage salt affiars.The Official Transportation Bureau played a positive role in salt administrative reform in the late Qing Dynasty by assuring salt supply,by increasing tax revenue,and by dredging rivers,etc.But it also brought some problems such as too much donating bureaus and collusion between officers and merchants.