"主义"三元素:价值、道理、方案--对人文社会学说性质的审查

文章不研究这个“主义”或那个“主义” ,而以“主义”之为“主义”作为探讨对象。凡被称为“主义”的 ,一般都是那种已具有相当影响的人文社会学说。这些学说往往既揭示某种道理 (即客观联系 ) ,又宣扬某种价值目的 ,还设计某种操作方案 ,并且将这三者构造为一套逻辑体系。对这种做法 ,大家已经习以为常。但文章认为 ,道理、价值和方案是三种在逻辑上不能相互还原的元素 ,有关道理的思维方式必须是合逻辑的 ,而有关价值和方案的思维方式则应当是非逻辑的 ,其间不存在推导关系 ,人文社会学说将它们逻辑地结为一体在思维方式上是错误的。据此 ,应对道理、价值和方案三元素加以离析 ,人文社会学说应以揭示道理为主 ,而不再包办一切 ,价值的事情应由价值主体参照各种价值资源自行决定 ,方案的问题应由方案的当事人求助工程学科加以解决。

The Three Elements of‘ -ism’: Value,Principle and Plan--Examining the Character of the Doctrines in Humanities and Social Science

The topic this article discusses is not this '-ism' or that '-ism', but '-ism' as '-ism'. Generally speaking, whatever called '-ism' are quite influential doctrine in humanities and social science. This kind of doctrines brings to light some principles as objective laws, advocates some value concerning interests, desire and demand, and designs some operating plans, then unites these three elements into some logical system. People got used to this way, but according to my opinion in this article, principle, value and plan can not be reduced logically to anyone of these elements. The mode of thinking about principle should be logical while the mode of thinking about both value and plan should be non-logical, hence there is no inference relationship among these elements, and it is an error for the thinking-method to unite logically these elements into a whole. So this article maintains that principle, value and plan should be disintegrated, and that Doctrines in Humanities and Social Science should not take care of everything, but should take the exploration of principle as its main task, and in the meantime let value be determined by its subject with reference to various resources of value, and let plan be decided by its subject with the help of engineering disciplines.