明清时期华北宗族的发展——以山西洪洞刘氏为例

明清时期山西洪洞刘氏与当时南方的宗族一样,从明中后期开始组织化.刘氏从默默无闻的家族崛起,成为当地的望族,发展起宗族组织,并从明中叶维持到清末,主要原因在于科举的成功,农商结合的经济以及响应政府的教化活动,此外与大族联姻也起到一定的作用.洪洞刘氏虽然经历了明清鼎革,但是其宗族建设进程并未断裂,在清朝继续保持其优越的政治地位.刘氏宗族在清代通过进一步加强宗族建设,使宗族组织化,宗族经济增强,反映了明清华北宗族历史发展的连续性.

The Development of North China Clan in Ming and Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of LIU Family of Hongdong in Shanxi

Like the clan in the south,LIU family of Hongdong in Shanxi in Ming and Qing Dynasty is being organized in the mid and late Ming Dynasty.Originating from an unknown family,it grows into a renowned one and organized until late Qing Dynasty due to the success in the imperial examinations,an economy combining agriculture and commerce,responding to government's civilizing activity and the marriage with great clan.Although it undergoes reforms of the two dynasties,the construction process of the clan has never b...