基于全球价值链调整的中国制造业国际分工参与度与地位比较

全球价值链分工体系面临重构和调整,中国制造业参与全球价值链分工被赋予新的内涵。文章从中间产品和增加值贸易视角,基于WIOD数据库和WWZ模型对中国制造业参与全球价值链分工地位进行考察。结果表明:2008年以来,制造业国内增加值DVA和RDV比重上升,国外增加值FVA比重下降,制造业在全球价值链上多环节生产的能力不断提升;2004-2018年中国制造业在全球价值链的位置度缓慢提升,全球价值链参与度呈下降态势,但前向参与度上升,中间产品出口增加值占比提升;不同技术水平制造业在参与分工中价值链提升及产业结构优化方面存在异质性的影响。资源禀赋和生产环节技术密集度差异影响不同技术水平制造业融入全球价值链的路径和地位;计算机光电设备、纺织服装等制造业前向垂直专业化(VS1)程度有所上升,从依靠进口中间产品逐步向生产中间产品出口国位置转化。

Comparison of Participation and Status of International Division of Labor in China's Manufacturing Industry Based on Global Value Chain Adjustment

The division system of global value chain is facing reconstruction and adjustment,and the participation of China*s manufacturing industry in the division of global value chain is endowed with new connotation.Based on the perspective of intermediate goods and value-added trade,this paper uses WIOD database and WWZ model to analyze the division status of China s manufacturing industry in global value chain.The results are shown as follows:The proportion of domestic value-added(DVA)and RDV of manufacturing industry has increased since 2008,while the proportion of foreign value-added(FVA)has decreased,and the multi link production capacity of manufacturing industry in the global value chain has continuously improved.The position of China's manufacturing industry in the global value chain increased slowly from 2004 to 2018;the participation in the global value chain showed a downward trend,but the forward participation increased,and the proportion of the added-value of the export of intermediate products increased.Manufacturing industries with different technology levels have heterogeneous effects on value chain promotion and industrial structure optimization.The differences of resource endowment and production technology intensity affect the path and status of manufacturing industry with different technology levels to integrate into the global value chain.The degree of forward vertical specialization(VS1)in computer optoelectronic equipment and textile and garment industries has increased,gradually transforming from relying on imports of intermediate products to exporting countries producing intermediate products.