明清科举制度对民营教育的促进

明清时期是科举制度实施得最充分的时期。经过明初的反复，科举制度确立起了至尊的地位。官学无法满足大众接受教育的欲求，各种民间教育形式便大行其道，仕宦望族、商人子弟、一般民众的子弟都积极致力于此，形成了文化教育的全面繁荣。其中，科举制度是民营教育发展的关键动力。尽管科举制度的实施存在这样那样的弊端，但由科举促成的民营教育的发展却为明清时期的政治建设发挥过积极作用，也产生过诸多正面的影响。

The linperial Civil Service Examination System: Its Contribution to the Development of Private Schools during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

The imperial civil service examination system reached its height of development during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It had been changed and revised in the early Ming, but was finally recognized as an official, authoritative system. When official schools could not satisfy the needs of the masses for education, various kinds of private schools were set up. Reputed cultural and official clans, merchants and common people made every effort to start their own schools for their descendants, thereby bringing about a general prosperity of culture and education, for which the imperial examination system was an undeniable impetus. Though there were various problems in the actual implementation of the system, its role in stimulating the development of private schools deserves a positive appraisal because the private schools motivated by the system later proved to play an active and positive role in the political constructions in the Ming and Qing dynasties.