X-效率与企业内部的个体激励

本文主要针对美国经济学家莱宾斯坦所提出的厂商内部的X-效率（X-efficiency）现象，以期望理论为框架，说明各种因素的变化是如何影响个体的努力程度，进而影响个体绩效和满意度，讨论并提出了提高厂商内部效率的某些实现条件和具体途径，以及理解中国国有企业低效率问题的若干分析思路。

X-efficiency and Individual Motivation in Business Settings

H. Leibenstein(1966) discovered that there is low efficiency in firms and argued that this inefficiency was due to the lack of individual motivation in organizations. This study identifies several factors that influence individual motivation, and examines, with the use of tha expecatancy theory, how the changes in these factors affect individual efforts, performance, and satisfaction. Some approaches and the necessary conditions for improving individual effrt are discussed. Furthermore, in the light of individual motivation we propose several perspectives for understacding why the state-owned enterprises(SOE) in our country lack efficiency.