试论清代社仓制度的演变

清代社仓的发展从时间上看呈现出明显的时段性特点,从初期的试行开始逐步发展,到乾隆时期达到顶峰,其后因种种因素影响,逐渐衰落,晚期又有短暂勃兴。从管理制度上看,朝廷倾向于官督民办,然而在如何解决社仓管理中官方干预过多以及贪污挪用、社谷借放涣散等问题上,似乎一直未找到好办法,这直接制约着社仓的发展和其作用的发挥。

Evolution of Grain Relief Systems in Qing Dynasty

The grain relief system in Qing Dynasty had different features at different periods of time.At the very beginning,it was put into practice,then developed slowly and came to a climax in the reign of Qianlong,later on fell into a decline owing to various factors,and during the later period,boomed for a short time.The imperial government held that it was managed by the local people and supervised by the government and no good solution has been found to such problems as the government's overdue interference,corruption and distribution of relief grains,which prevented development of the relief system from bringing into play.