基于煤矿透水事故应急响应时效性的水泵布局鲁棒优选问题研究

为了提高煤矿透水事故中矿工获救和恢复健康的可能性，本文基于应急响应时效性研究关键资源-水泵布局问题。已有应急资源布局问题的研究多从成本、时间、资源需求满足度等方面进行，煤矿透水事故应急响应时效性是综合考虑被困矿工获救时间以及被困过程中被困位置最低氧气含量和食物缺少量三方面要素的事故应对效果。首先，建立了基于煤矿透水事故发生、发展和应急响应机理的三方面要素计算方法；然后，在供氧和供食物所需资源布局给定的前提下，设计水泵布局的目标函数和约束条件，建立水泵布局鲁棒优选模型，通过机会时间窗概念的引入和分支定界算法的思想，给出水泵布局不可行方案的判别准则，并在此基础上进行优选算法的设计；最后，在实际发生的煤矿透水事故典型案例基础上，构造算例，检验水泵布局鲁棒优选模型的有效性。

Research on Robust Optimization Problem of Pump Layout Based on Emergency Response Timeliness of Coal Mine Water Inrush Accident

This research problem is abstracted in the process that the research team has cooperated with some practical departments for many years to solve practical problems. The influence of the arrival time and quantity of emergency resources on the emergency response timeliness is studied in the coal mine water inrush accident, and then the pump layout problem is studied based on timeliness. Mechanism analysis and simulation methods, robust optimization method, branch and bound algorithm are mainly used. The basic ideas are as follows:(1) qualitative analysis on the occurrence, development and emergency response mechanism of coal mine water inrush accident is considered, which lays the foundation for the follow-up quantitative research; (2) the concepts of three opportunity time windows (drainage, oxygen and food supply) are put forward, and then their calculation methods are given on. (3) The influence of time and quantity of water pump, oxygen supply equipment, and food arriving in batches on three opportunity time windows is studied. The calculation methods of the possible rescue time, the lowest oxygen content in the trapped position, the food shortage of the trapped miners, and emergency response timeliness are comprehensively considered; (4) on the premise of given resource layouts required for oxygen and food supply, the objective function and constraint conditions of pump layout are designed, and the robust optimization model of pump layout is established. Through the introduction of the concept of opportunity time window and the idea of branch and bound algorithm, the discrimination criterion for infeasible solution of the pump layout is given, and then the optimal selection algorithm is designed; (5) on the basis of some typical cases of coal mine inrush accidents, a calculation example is constructed to verify the effectiveness of the robust optimization model of pump layout. The results of the calculation example show that more pumps need to be arranged in the vicinity of the mine with high inrush speed, and less pumps can be arranged in the vicinity of the mine with low inrush speed. The results of the calculation example are consistent with the qualitative knowledge, which shows that the model is practical and effective. Based on the typical cases of coal mine inrush accidents in Chinese history, the case data are formed through certain simplification and hypothesis. Pump layout is studied from the perspective of response effect, which provides a new way for the study of emergency resource layout to be closer to the actual situation.