具有电力存储设备的实时需求响应与能量调度

实时需求响应与能量调度是智能电网中调节电力供需平衡的理想手段，其实施必然对用户的用电行为和电网的运行与管理产生深远影响。本文考虑用户具有多个可充、放电的电力存储设备，兼顾供电商发电量平稳的需求，在社会福利最大化模型的基础上，建立一个实时需求响应与能量调度的优化模型。给出模型的对偶问题，在满足强对偶性的前提下，可以通过求解对偶问题得到原问题的最优解，并确定可供用户与供电商参考的实时电价。在对偶问题中，问题可以分解为用户侧和供电侧两类子问题。进而设计分布式实时需求响应算法，并证明了算法的收敛性，供电侧与用户侧通过信息互动求得最优解。仿真结果验证了模型的合理性和算法的可行性。

Real-time Demand Response and Energy Scheduling with Power Storage Devices

The real-time demand response and energy schedulingis an ideal method to adjust power balance between supply and demand in the smart grid. Its implementation has a profound impact on users' behavior, and on operation and management of the power grid. It is considered that the user has multiple power storage devices with charge and discharge function. Basing on the social welfare maximization model and ensuring that the power supply of energy supplier is stable, an optimization model of real-time demand response and energy scheduling is established. The dual problem of the model is given. On the premise of satisfying strong duality, the optimal solution of the original problem can be obtained by solving the dual problem, and the real-time electricity price for users and energy supplier is determined. In dual domain, the problem can be decomposed into two types of sub-problems:the user side and the power supply side. Then a distributed real-time demand response algorithm is designed, and its convergence is proved. The optimal solution is obtained through the interaction between the power supply side and the user side. The simulation results verify the rationality of the model and the feasibility of the algorithm.