清末练兵处的设立及其绩效与不足

练兵处是清末新军编练的领导机关,它对清末军事变革作出了重要贡献,成为中国陆军近代化的重要一环。练兵处设立的原因主要在于两方面:一方面,清朝中央政府欲统一事权、统一规划,加强中央集权;另一方面,日俄战争后严峻的国际形势使清政府从军事层面考虑应对措施,以缓解危机。练兵处的设立,虽取得相应的成效,但由于其内部的角力和争斗以及中央练兵处和地方尖锐的矛盾,因而削弱了其绩效的发挥,并最终对清末政局的走向产生了深刻的影响。

Establishment and Performance of Training Bureau in Late Qing Dynasty

Training Bureau was a leading body of new army training in the late Qing.It made a great contribution to military revolution then,and played an important role in modernization of Chinese land forces.The main reasons for its establishment are as follows:1) to strengthen the power centralization with only one authority;2) to ease the military crisis in the grim international situation after the Russo-Japanese war.The establishment of Training Bureau was a strong impetus to the late Qing's military transformat...