温州民营企业集群近似"零外资"现象研究

随着温州民营企业集群的发展,民资不断壮大,而外资比重一直处于低位,形成了近似"零外资"局面.经济区位上的劣势和基础设施的不完善、高素质人才匮乏、内源性民资的绝对主导和以简单劳动密集型产业为主的产业结构、注重亲缘及地缘的区域社会文化以及欠规范的政策和制度环境都阻碍了温州经济的进一步对外开放.因此,在营造区位优势上,要注重发展城市经济,弥补基础设施欠债;在增强资本吸纳能力上,要大力引进优质教育资源,改善地方高等教育结构;在促进集群升级和培育新集群上,要鼓励企业的研发投入,强化集群意识,注重自主创新能力的培养;在优化产业结构上,要在参与国际分工中实现可持续发展;在提供公共服务上,要着眼于改善区域投资环境.

A Study of Almost no Foreign Investment in Wenzhou Civilian-Run Enterprise Clusters

Wenzhou civilian-run enterprise clusters play an important part in the development of Wenzhou regional economy. By the end of 2002, the production value produced by the processing manufacturing clusters had taken up over seventy three percent of total industry production value of Wenzhou city. In the clusters, civilian investment has been enlarged, but foreign investment declined. It shows some features: the small sum, the small monomer scale of the foreign investment-run enterprises, the low level of program and single source channel, etc. Therefore, the embarrassing situation in which there almost is no foreign investment has appeared. There are a lot of factors causing such situation. The main reasons are: the disadvantages of economy location, the faultiness of basic establishments, the limitation of the economy hinterland, the shortage and unbalanced structure of persons with ability. Besides, because the endogenous civilian investment takes a leading place, foreign investment has been restrained in competition. And in the civilian-run enterprises, the main industry is light processing manufacturing with labor-intensive industrial structure which has many disadvantages. In the clusters, there exist the ideas of emphasizing practicality and paying attention to the regional culture shared among the relatives, This lead to lack of incentives to attract foreign investment among the enterprises and the development of enterprises. At the same time, there are other factors which block foreign investment, for example, industry policy and system circumstance are not very good, public services are not improved, industry organizations are not in standard, government officials have close relationship with the enterprisers, and so on. In order to improve such situation, if the civilian-run enterprises want to attract foreign capitals and meet the needs of international economy, they should pay attention to the development of regional economy, changing a city along river to a modern seashore city, widening the range of the city, extending the area of the city economy development, exerting the location advantages, introducing into education resources, improving higher education structure, opening vocational training market and attracting foreign investment. Meanwhile, the government should encourage the civilian-run enterprises clusters to booster up self-innovation, invest in research and development, reform internal mechanism, improve the cluster consciousness, build industry parks, attract foreign capitals by many ways, enhance their competitive ability in the international market, define industry policy according to the present and future situation during paticipating in international specialization, optimize industrial structure so as to upgrade the former clusters and form the new clusters with a perfect industry structure. The government should also constitute some new policies and industry organizations exert their comparative advantages conforming to the standard, which perfect public services for enterprises clusters and improve the circumstances of investment.