儒服、儒者与殷商宗教生活考论

根据《墨子.公孟》的记载,公孟子穿着儒服,儒味十足,具有一定的儒家背景,或者他本人就是一个保守、地道的儒,至少他相信并引用过儒者的名言。《礼记.儒行》载,鲁哀公问于孔子曰:夫子之服,其儒服与?而孔子则回答说:丘少居鲁,衣逢掖之长。长居宋,冠章甫之冠。丘闻之也:君子之学也博,其服也乡。丘不知儒服。章甫是殷商玄冠之名,属于一种用缁布制作的礼冠。如果儒服即是殷服,那么,儒礼也就是曾经推广并盛行于有殷一代的古礼。孔子的祖上一度是殷商王朝的宋国贵族,上溯三代,也出过鲁国的武士。故孔子既有殷人的血统,也有周人的血统。周初时期,那些自觉保留了殷商文明的前朝遗民开始被称为儒。殷人中的祝、宗、卜、史并未随商的灭亡而消失,现实社会的祖先祭祀、土神信仰与上帝崇拜造就了一定数量的礼俗专门职业者,所有的郊祀、祖祀、社祀都必须依靠他们而进行。殷周时代的宗教生活催生出了儒者阶层。

On Confucian Robes,Confucians and Religious Life in the Yin and Shang Dynasties

If the Confucian robes are the robes of the Yin dynasty,the Confucian rite is a kind of ritual ceremony popular in the Yin dynasty.The Ancestor of Confucius is an aristocrat of the Song State in the Yin dynasty,so Confucius has the bloodline of both the Yin and Zhou dynasties.In the early Zhou dynasty,the adherents of the former Yin dynasty are called Confucians.Some customs in the Yin dynasty are still kept in the Zhou dynasty,so some professionals do some jobs related with sacrifices to ancestors,belief,w...