试析美国辩诉交易制度的生成基础

辩诉交易作为一种解决刑事案件的高效方式 ,首先是在美国产生的。犯罪数量剧增 ,案件积压严重是其生成的现实基础 ;契约自由是其产生的文化基础 ;实用主义哲学为其生成提供了哲学基础 ;趋利避害、担心败诉是辩诉交易生成的心理基础 ;而对抗式诉讼结构、纠纷解决型的诉讼目的与成熟的证据开示制度、检察官的广泛自由裁量权和发达的辩护制度及沉默权制度则是其生成的制度基础

An Analysis of the Foundation of American Plea Bargaining

As an efficient way to solve criminal cases, Plea Bargaining first appeared in the U.S. As the number of the criminal cases is on the rise in America and more and more cases remain unresolved, Plea Bargaining is a useful means of settling criminal cases. It is based on the freedom for making contracts and on pragmatic philosophy; and psychologically, it is enhanced by the fear of losing a lawsuit. Confrontation in a lawsuit, the purpose of settling disputes, the mature system of giving evidences, the prosecutor's freedom of judging cases, and the defensive system and the right of remaining silent all contribute to the system of Plea Bargaining.