社会学方法与社会学元理论--个人与社会关系问题的方法论意义

社会学的独特论题是现代个人与社会的关系问题.这一问题既是元事实也是基本的经验事实,它构成了社会学知识的二重性质--理论与方法的结合的基础.因此,社会学方法必然卷入元理论和元预设.由于个人与社会的关系问题所具有的元理论意义,对这一问题的理解和预定性假设贯穿在社会学知识的整个过程.本文的论述意在说明,个人与社会关系问题既是社会学知识的一系列起点,即理论与方法结合的起点;也是各种分裂的传统、"方法论斗争"、社会学知识形态分野的起点以及知识整合的努力的起点;当然,它也应当是社会学重建的起点.因此,对社会学元理论层面问题及其与社会学理路和方法之间内在联系的一系列探索,能够明确社会学实现重建所面对的真正问题.

Sociological Methods and Sociological Meta - theory

The unique subject of sociology is the relationship between the individual and society. Being both the meta-fact and the empirical fact, it constitutes the foundation of the dual nature of sociological knowledge-combination of theory and methods. Thus, meta-theory and meta-presupposition are unavoidably involved in sociological methods. Due to the meta-theoretical significance of the relationship between the individual and society, understanding and presuppositions of this issue run through the whole sociological information. In the article, the writers show the purport of this standpoint to sociological research: it is the starting point of several aspects of sociological knowledge-the starting point of combination of theory and methods, the starting point of various split traditions, "Methodenstreit" and dividing lines of forms of sociological knowledge, as well as the starting point of the effort to integrate the knowledge. Certainly, it is supposed to be the starting point of sociological reconstruction. Therefore, the serial studies about the issue at the sociological meta-theoretical level and its innate links with sociological theoretical route and method will help clarify the authentic problems arising during the realization of sociological reconstruction.