行业自律的定位、动因、模式和局限

行业自律既是行业内交易规则的自我制定过程,也是一种与政府监管相并列的市场治理手段。学术界对行业自律动因的解释可以概括为六种观点,即成本收益说、风险规避说、保护公地说、制度驱动说、市场失灵说和创新驱动说。目前中国行业组织的自律类型,从行业自律与政府规制的关系角度看,属于条件型自律;从政府干预程度的角度看,属于批准型甚至强制型自律;从政府与行业组织在自律体系中的作用看,属于强制性自律中的合作式自律;从自律体制运行有效性的角度看,自愿协商自律和竞争性自律同时存在。中国行业自律的优势主要表现在:有利于政府职能转变,减轻政府负担,降低规制成本,专业性和针对性,更高的行业标准,减轻了信息不对称;其局限主要表现在:缺乏法律保障,权利和权力不足,缺乏监督,中介地位的模糊性,规制不足,以及行业组织自身的反竞争性。

Industry Self-regulation:Its Functions,Motivations,Types and Constrains

Industry self-regulation is both a self-making process,but also market governance means.Academic interpretation for the motivation of industry self-regulation can be summarized as six views,including cost-benefit calculation, risk aversion,protection of the commons,system driven,market failure, and innovation-driven.The type of industry self-regulation in China is conditional,enforced,cooperative with government,and competitive.The advantages of industry self-regulation in China are mainly promoting the tra...