试论土家族的民族认同实践

本文对在土家族的民族认同的实践过程中出现的有关族源、文化等问题的争论和整合现象进行了分析, 认为在民族认同当中,实践的偶然性往往大干理论的规范性,实践丰富了理论,理论又为新一轮的实践提供了指导。即以土家族的认同来说,随着土家族的人群越来越多,土家族的族源就已经从潘光旦的古代巴人说发展为多元说。而为了使族源说符合一个“民族”的规范,就出现了整合巴人说和多元说为一体的巴人主体说。在土家族当中存在着的文化差异现象,也伴随着土家族的认同进程而不断被弥合。这种整合的结果使得土家族的认同标准被不断宽泛化,标准宽泛化的结果可能将会导致新的认同实践的发生,而新的实践又必将引起新的理论上的整合。民族学就是因为这样的实践和整合而成为一门与时俱进的活的学科。

Practice of Tujia National Identification

This article discusses the identification progress of Tujia people. There were quite a few opinions on the issues of TuJja people's ancestor and their culture, scholars unified the opinions to set a model of Tujia. For example , in the past, scholars thought that their ancestor was the ancient Ba people, but when more and more people become Tujia people ,the opinions on this issue got very complex. A wise opinion solved this problem effectively. It says that the Tujia people mainly originated from ancient Ba people, and absorbed some culture some other people. Similar things happened to the different cultures in the areas of Tujia people. Now, the identification practice of Tu-JiaZu people made the identification standard become very relaxed, this must lead to a new practice, and new practice must lead to new unification of the theories on the identification. So, because of the practice and the unification, the ethnology become an "alive" knowledge and it goes forward along with the time.