论农民体育权利法律保障与实现的国家义务

城乡二元体制下,农民体育权利保障和实现面临农民缺乏体育意识和体育权利观念、经济能力有限、时间难以保障、场地和器材严重不足、缺少体育专业指导人才等困境。从法律上审视这些困境,一是全民健身观念尚未成为体育立法的基本指导思想;二是就法律性质上看,体育法仍然是体育管理法,法律规定并没有明确农民体育权利保障的国家责任。应该从根本上转变国家体育发展导向,确立民生体育观念,同时,在农民体育权利保障上改革管理法模式,树立服务型法观念。农民体育权利内在地产生了对国家义务的需求,农民体育权利保障和实现是国家的绝对义务。应该按照国家义务“三层次”分析方式,对农民体育权利保障和实现的国家义务归纳为“尊重的义务”、“保护的义务”和“实现的义务”三个层次,以把握分析和理解农民体育权利保障和实现的国家义务的基本结构,从国家义务的视角有利于切实保障农民体育权利的实现。

On the State Obligation to Legally Protect and Realize Peasants' Sports Right

Under the urban-rural dualism,the peasants’ sports right is faced with such dilemmas as lack of sports consciousness,restriction of economic capacity,limited time,shortage of sports fields and instruments,and insufficient professional guidance.Viewing from the legal perspective,it is because that the concept of nationwide fitness has not become the guiding ideology of sports legislation on the one hand;on the other hand,the sports law is essentially the law of sports management,giving no state obligation to protect peasants’ sports right.To change this situation,the state sports orientation should be turned to people’s livelihood sports,and at the meantime,management patterns should be reformed so as to develop a service idea.Since it is the state obligation to protect and realize peasants’ sports right,the state should carry it out according to the three levels of respecting,protecting,and realizing the peasants’ sports right.