论康德哲学中普遍必然的道德法则

道德法则必须具备绝对必然性和普遍有效性，这是康德道德哲学的前提预设，也是康德道德哲学的根本观点。由于坚持道德法则的必然性和普遍性，幸福论的伦理学就被排除，自由这一理念作为理性的事实得到了证实。但是，是否有这样的法则存在，以及这样的法则是否具有实践意义，围绕这些问题，人们长期争论不休。研究表明：康德预设了意志自由和目的王国，也就预设了道德法则的普遍必然性。而对于普遍必然的道德法则的意识，又反过来验证了自由的实在性。作为行为准则道德性的评价和选择标准，康德的道德法则既强调了理性的优先性，又保留了经验的开放性，为道德实践行为的创造性、乃至于为哲学自身的发展留下了足够的空间。

On the Law of Morality of Universalism in Kantism

The premise and basic view of Kant’s moral philosophy is that the law of morality should possess both absolute necessity and universal validity.Due to the necessity and universality,the ethic factor of happiness theory is excluded and the fact is proved that the concept of freedom is rational.However,it has long been argued whether this law does exist and whether it is practically significant.Research shows that since Kant has premised the realm of freedom of the will and purpose,he would have premised the universal necessity of the law of morality;and the consciousness of the law of morality of universal necessity in turn has proved the existence of freedom.Kant’s law of morality,as the moral evaluation and criterion for the standard of behavior,emphasizes the priority of rationality and keeps experience open as well,leaving enough space for the creation of moral practice and the development of philosophy itself.